From 7fb080a790b6410f8e36dbc10c5d9be0ff47ce98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Julia Evans Date: Mon, 5 Jan 2026 16:48:17 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] doc: git-reset: clarify `git reset [mode]` From user feedback, there was some confusion about the differences between the modes, including: 1. Sometimes it says "index" and sometimes "index file". Fix by replacing "index file" with "index". 2. Many comments about not being able to understand what `--merge` does. Fix by mentioning obscure situations, since that seems to be what it's for. Most folks will use `git --abort`. 3. Issues telling the difference between --soft and --mixed, as well as --keep. Leave --keep alone because I couldn't understand its use case, but change `--soft` / `--mixed` / `--hard` as follows: --mixed is the default, so put it first. Describe --soft/--mixed/--hard with the following structure: * Start by saying what happens to the files in the working directory, because the thing users want to avoid most is irretrievably losing changes to their working directory files. * Then describe what happens to the staging area. Right now it seems to frame leaving the index alone as being a sort of neutral action. I think this is part of what's confusing users, because in Git when you update HEAD, Git almost always updates the index to match HEAD. So leaving the index unchanged while updating HEAD is actually quite unusual, and it deserves to be flagged. * Finally, give an example for --soft to explain a common use case. Signed-off-by: Julia Evans Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano Signed-off-by: D. Ben Knoble Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/git-reset.adoc | 50 +++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.adoc b/Documentation/git-reset.adoc index 91dc6e6278..37c868ae24 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reset.adoc +++ b/Documentation/git-reset.adoc @@ -24,42 +24,46 @@ DESCRIPTION the staged version of the specified files. `git reset [] []`:: - This form resets the current branch head to __ and - possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of __) and - the working tree depending on __. Before the operation, `ORIG_HEAD` - is set to the tip of the current branch. If __ is omitted, - defaults to `--mixed`. The __ must be one of the following: + Set the current branch head (`HEAD`) to point at __. + Depending on __, also update the working directory and/or index + to match the contents of __. + __ defaults to `HEAD`. + Before the operation, `ORIG_HEAD` is set to the tip of the current branch. ++ +The __ must be one of the following (default `--mixed`): + --- -`--soft`:: - Does not touch the index file or the working tree at all (but - resets the head to __, just like all modes do). This leaves - all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as `git status` - would put it. +-- `--mixed`:: - Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files - are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not - been updated. This is the default action. + Leave your working directory unchanged. + Update the index to match the new `HEAD`, so nothing will be staged. + -If `-N` is specified, removed paths are marked as intent-to-add (see +If `-N` is specified, mark removed paths as intent-to-add (see linkgit:git-add[1]). +`--soft`:: + Leave your working tree files and the index unchanged. + For example, if you have no staged changes, you can use + `git reset --soft HEAD~5; git commit` + to combine the last 5 commits into 1 commit. This works even with + changes in the working tree, which are left untouched, but such usage + can lead to confusion. + `--hard`:: - Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the - working tree since __ are discarded. Any untracked files or - directories in the way of writing any tracked files are simply deleted. + Overwrite all files and directories with the version from __, + and may overwrite untracked files. Tracked files not in __ are + removed so that the working tree matches __. + Update the index to match the new `HEAD`, so nothing will be staged. `--merge`:: - Resets the index and updates the files in the working tree that are - different between __ and `HEAD`, but keeps those which are + Reset the index and update the files in the working tree that are + different between __ and `HEAD`, but keep those which are different between the index and working tree (i.e. which have changes which have not been added). + Mainly exists to reset unmerged index entries, like those left behind by + `git am -3` or `git switch -m` in certain situations. If a file that is different between __ and the index has unstaged changes, reset is aborted. -+ -In other words, `--merge` does something like a `git read-tree -u -m `, -but carries forward unmerged index entries. `--keep`:: Resets index entries and updates files in the working tree that are