status: add status.compareBranches config for multiple branch comparisons

Add a new configuration variable `status.compareBranches` that allows
users to specify a space-separated list of branches to compare against
the current branch in `git status` output.

Each branch in the list can be:
- A remote-tracking branch name (e.g., `origin/main`)
- The special reference `@{upstream}` for the tracking branch
- The special reference `@{push}` for the push destination

When not configured, the default behavior is equivalent to setting
`status.compareBranches = @{upstream}`, preserving backward compatibility.

The advice messages shown are context-aware:
- "git pull" advice is shown only when comparing against @{upstream}
- "git push" advice is shown only when comparing against @{push}
- Divergence advice is shown for upstream branch comparisons

This is useful for triangular workflows where the upstream tracking
branch differs from the push destination, allowing users to see their
status relative to both branches at once.

Example configuration:
    [status]
        compareBranches = @{upstream} @{push}

Signed-off-by: Harald Nordgren <haraldnordgren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Documentation/config/status.adoc

@@ -17,6 +17,26 @@ status.aheadBehind::
 	`--no-ahead-behind` by default in linkgit:git-status[1] for
 	non-porcelain status formats.  Defaults to true.
 
+status.compareBranches::
+	A space-separated list of branches to compare the current branch
+	against in linkgit:git-status[1]. Each branch specification can be
+	a remote-tracking branch name (e.g. `origin/main`), or a special
+	reference like `@{upstream}` or `@{push}`. For each branch in the
+	list, git status shows whether the current branch is ahead, behind,
+	or has diverged from that branch.
++
+If not set, the default behavior is equivalent to `@{upstream}`, which
+compares against the configured upstream tracking branch.
++
+Example:
++
+----
+[status]
+	compareBranches = origin/main origin/develop
+----
++
+This would show comparisons against both `origin/main` and `origin/develop`.
+
 status.displayCommentPrefix::
 	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will insert a comment
 	prefix before each output line (starting with

remote.c

@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@
 
 enum map_direction { FROM_SRC, FROM_DST };
 
+enum {
+	ENABLE_ADVICE_PULL       = (1 << 0),
+	ENABLE_ADVICE_PUSH       = (1 << 1),
+	ENABLE_ADVICE_DIVERGENCE = (1 << 2),
+};
+
 struct counted_string {
 	size_t len;
 	const char *s;
@@ -2241,13 +2247,53 @@ int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs,
 	return stat_branch_pair(branch->refname, base, num_ours, num_theirs, abf);
 }
 
+static char *resolve_compare_branch(struct branch *branch, const char *name)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *resolved = NULL;
+	char *ret;
+
+	if (!branch || !name)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!strcasecmp(name, "@{upstream}") || !strcasecmp(name, "@{u}"))
+		resolved = branch_get_upstream(branch, NULL);
+	else if (!strcasecmp(name, "@{push}"))
+		resolved = branch_get_push(branch, NULL);
+
+	if (resolved)
+		return xstrdup(resolved);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s", name);
+	resolved = refs_resolve_ref_unsafe(
+		get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
+		buf.buf,
+		RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+		NULL, NULL);
+	if (resolved) {
+		ret = xstrdup(resolved);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 static void format_branch_comparison(struct strbuf *sb,
 				     bool up_to_date,
 				     int ours, int theirs,
 				     const char *branch_name,
 				     enum ahead_behind_flags abf,
-				     bool show_divergence_advice)
+				     unsigned flags)
 {
+	bool enable_push_advice = (flags & ENABLE_ADVICE_PUSH) &&
+		advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS);
+	bool enable_pull_advice = (flags & ENABLE_ADVICE_PULL) &&
+		advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS);
+	bool enable_divergence_advice = (flags & ENABLE_ADVICE_DIVERGENCE) &&
+		advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS);
+
 	if (up_to_date) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			_("Your branch is up to date with '%s'.\n"),
@@ -2256,7 +2302,7 @@ static void format_branch_comparison(struct strbuf *sb,
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			    _("Your branch and '%s' refer to different commits.\n"),
 			    branch_name);
-		if (advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS))
+		if (enable_push_advice)
 			strbuf_addf(sb, _("  (use \"%s\" for details)\n"),
 				    "git status --ahead-behind");
 	} else if (!theirs) {
@@ -2265,7 +2311,7 @@ static void format_branch_comparison(struct strbuf *sb,
 			   "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n",
 			   ours),
 			branch_name, ours);
-		if (advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS))
+		if (enable_push_advice)
 			strbuf_addstr(sb,
 				_("  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"));
 	} else if (!ours) {
@@ -2276,7 +2322,7 @@ static void format_branch_comparison(struct strbuf *sb,
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
 			   theirs),
 			branch_name, theirs);
-		if (advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS))
+		if (enable_pull_advice)
 			strbuf_addstr(sb,
 				_("  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"));
 	} else {
@@ -2289,8 +2335,7 @@ static void format_branch_comparison(struct strbuf *sb,
 			       "respectively.\n",
 			   ours + theirs),
 			branch_name, ours, theirs);
-		if (show_divergence_advice &&
-		    advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS))
+		if (enable_divergence_advice)
 			strbuf_addstr(sb,
 				_("  (use \"git pull\" if you want to integrate the remote branch with yours)\n"));
 	}
@@ -2303,34 +2348,87 @@ int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb,
 			 enum ahead_behind_flags abf,
 			 int show_divergence_advice)
 {
-	int ours, theirs, cmp_fetch;
-	const char *full_base;
-	char *base;
-	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
+	char *compare_branches_config = NULL;
+	struct string_list compare_branches = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	int reported = 0;
+	size_t i;
+	const char *upstream_ref;
+	const char *push_ref;
 
-	cmp_fetch = stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs, &full_base, 0, abf);
-	if (cmp_fetch < 0) {
-		if (!full_base)
-			return 0;
-		upstream_is_gone = 1;
-	}
+	repo_config_get_string(the_repository, "status.comparebranches",
+			       &compare_branches_config);
 
-	base = refs_shorten_unambiguous_ref(get_main_ref_store(the_repository),
-					    full_base, 0);
-
-	if (upstream_is_gone) {
-		strbuf_addf(sb,
-			_("Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"),
-			base);
-		if (advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS))
-			strbuf_addstr(sb,
-				_("  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"));
+	if (compare_branches_config) {
+		string_list_split(&compare_branches, compare_branches_config,
+				  " ", -1);
+		string_list_remove_empty_items(&compare_branches, 0);
 	} else {
-		format_branch_comparison(sb, !cmp_fetch, ours, theirs, base, abf, show_divergence_advice);
+		string_list_append(&compare_branches, "@{upstream}");
 	}
 
-	free(base);
-	return 1;
+	upstream_ref = branch_get_upstream(branch, NULL);
+	push_ref = branch_get_push(branch, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < compare_branches.nr; i++) {
+		char *full_ref;
+		char *short_ref;
+		int ours, theirs, cmp;
+		int is_upstream, is_push;
+		unsigned flags = 0;
+
+		item = &compare_branches.items[i];
+		full_ref = resolve_compare_branch(branch, item->string);
+		if (!full_ref)
+			continue;
+
+		short_ref = refs_shorten_unambiguous_ref(
+			get_main_ref_store(the_repository), full_ref, 0);
+
+		is_upstream = upstream_ref && !strcmp(full_ref, upstream_ref);
+		is_push = push_ref && !strcmp(full_ref, push_ref);
+
+		if (is_upstream && (!push_ref || !strcmp(upstream_ref, push_ref)))
+			is_push = 1;
+
+		cmp = stat_branch_pair(branch->refname, full_ref,
+				       &ours, &theirs, abf);
+
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			if (is_upstream) {
+				strbuf_addf(sb,
+					_("Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"),
+					short_ref);
+				if (advice_enabled(ADVICE_STATUS_HINTS))
+					strbuf_addstr(sb,
+						_("  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"));
+				reported = 1;
+			}
+			free(full_ref);
+			free(short_ref);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (reported)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\n");
+
+		if (is_upstream)
+			flags |= ENABLE_ADVICE_PULL;
+		if (is_push)
+			flags |= ENABLE_ADVICE_PUSH;
+		if (show_divergence_advice && is_upstream)
+			flags |= ENABLE_ADVICE_DIVERGENCE;
+		format_branch_comparison(sb, !cmp, ours, theirs, short_ref,
+					 abf, flags);
+		reported = 1;
+
+		free(full_ref);
+		free(short_ref);
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&compare_branches, 0);
+	free(compare_branches_config);
+	return reported;
 }
 
 static int one_local_ref(const struct reference *ref, void *cb_data)

t/t6040-tracking-info.sh

@@ -292,4 +292,326 @@ test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to @{-1}' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status tracking origin/main shows only main' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b4 &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch b4
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/main${SQ} by 2 commits.
+	  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status --no-ahead-behind tracking origin/main shows only main' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b4 &&
+		git status --no-ahead-behind >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch b4
+	Your branch and ${SQ}origin/main${SQ} refer to different commits.
+	  (use "git status --ahead-behind" for details)
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for compareBranches tests' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git config push.default current &&
+		git config status.compareBranches "@{upstream} @{push}"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches shows ahead of both upstream and push branch' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b feature2 origin/main &&
+		git push origin HEAD &&
+		advance work &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature2
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/main${SQ} by 1 commit.
+
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/feature2${SQ} by 1 commit.
+	  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with status.compareBranches shows both branches' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout feature2 >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/main${SQ} by 1 commit.
+
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/feature2${SQ} by 1 commit.
+	  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for ahead of tracked but diverged from main' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b feature4 origin/main &&
+		advance work1 &&
+		git checkout origin/main &&
+		advance work2 &&
+		git push origin HEAD:main &&
+		git checkout feature4 &&
+		advance work3
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches shows diverged and ahead' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout feature4 &&
+		git branch --set-upstream-to origin/main &&
+		git push origin HEAD &&
+		advance work &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature4
+	Your branch and ${SQ}origin/main${SQ} have diverged,
+	and have 3 and 1 different commits each, respectively.
+	  (use "git pull" if you want to integrate the remote branch with yours)
+
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/feature4${SQ} by 1 commit.
+	  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status --no-ahead-behind with status.compareBranches' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout feature4 &&
+		git status --no-ahead-behind >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature4
+	Your branch and ${SQ}origin/main${SQ} refer to different commits.
+
+	Your branch and ${SQ}origin/feature4${SQ} refer to different commits.
+	  (use "git status --ahead-behind" for details)
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup upstream remote' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote add upstream ../. &&
+		git fetch upstream &&
+		git config remote.pushDefault origin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches with upstream and origin remotes' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b feature5 upstream/main &&
+		git push origin &&
+		advance work &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature5
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}upstream/main${SQ} by 1 commit.
+
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/feature5${SQ} by 1 commit.
+	  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches with upstream and origin remotes multiple compare branches' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b feature6 upstream/main &&
+		git push origin &&
+		advance work &&
+		git -c status.compareBranches="upstream/main origin/feature6 origin/feature5" status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature6
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}upstream/main${SQ} by 1 commit.
+
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/feature6${SQ} by 1 commit.
+	  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
+
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/feature5${SQ} by 1 commit.
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches with diverged push branch' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b feature7 upstream/main &&
+		advance work &&
+		git push origin &&
+		git reset --hard upstream/main &&
+		advance work &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature7
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}upstream/main${SQ} by 1 commit.
+
+	Your branch and ${SQ}origin/feature7${SQ} have diverged,
+	and have 1 and 1 different commits each, respectively.
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches shows up to date branches' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b feature8 upstream/main &&
+		git push origin &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature8
+	Your branch is up to date with ${SQ}upstream/main${SQ}.
+
+	Your branch is up to date with ${SQ}origin/feature8${SQ}.
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status --no-ahead-behind with status.compareBranches up to date' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout feature8 &&
+		git push origin &&
+		git status --no-ahead-behind >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature8
+	Your branch is up to date with ${SQ}upstream/main${SQ}.
+
+	Your branch is up to date with ${SQ}origin/feature8${SQ}.
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with status.compareBranches shows up to date' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout feature8 >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	Your branch is up to date with ${SQ}upstream/main${SQ}.
+
+	Your branch is up to date with ${SQ}origin/feature8${SQ}.
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches with upstream behind and push up to date' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b ahead upstream/main &&
+		advance work &&
+		git push upstream HEAD &&
+		git checkout -b feature9 upstream/main &&
+		git push origin &&
+		git branch --set-upstream-to upstream/ahead &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature9
+	Your branch is behind ${SQ}upstream/ahead${SQ} by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded.
+	  (use "git pull" to update your local branch)
+
+	Your branch is up to date with ${SQ}origin/feature9${SQ}.
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches with remapped push refspec' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b feature10 origin/main &&
+		git config remote.origin.push refs/heads/feature10:refs/heads/remapped &&
+		git push &&
+		advance work &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature10
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/main${SQ} by 1 commit.
+
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/remapped${SQ} by 1 commit.
+	  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status.compareBranches with remapped push and upstream remote' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout -b feature11 upstream/main &&
+		git config remote.origin.push refs/heads/feature11:refs/heads/remapped &&
+		git push origin &&
+		advance work &&
+		git status >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	On branch feature11
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}upstream/main${SQ} by 1 commit.
+
+	Your branch is ahead of ${SQ}origin/remapped${SQ} by 1 commit.
+	  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
+
+	nothing to commit, working tree clean
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean up after compareBranches tests' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git config --unset status.compareBranches
+	)
+'
+
 test_done