diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 288d3772ea..3a3f1d8914 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -861,12 +861,87 @@ static void display_ref_update(struct display_state *display_state, char code,
 	fputs(display_state->buf.buf, f);
 }
 
+struct ref_update_display_info {
+	bool failed;
+	char success_code;
+	char fail_code;
+	const char *summary;
+	const char *fail_detail;
+	const char *success_detail;
+	const char *ref;
+	const char *remote;
+	struct object_id old_oid;
+	struct object_id new_oid;
+};
+
+static struct ref_update_display_info *ref_update_display_info_append(
+					   struct ref_update_display_info **list,
+					   size_t *count,
+					   char success_code,
+					   char fail_code,
+					   const char *summary,
+					   const char *success_detail,
+					   const char *fail_detail,
+					   const char *ref,
+					   const char *remote,
+					   const struct object_id *old_oid,
+					   const struct object_id *new_oid)
+{
+	struct ref_update_display_info *info;
+	size_t index = *count;
+
+	(*count)++;
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(*list, *count);
+
+	info = &(*list)[index];
+
+	info->failed = false;
+	info->success_code = success_code;
+	info->fail_code = fail_code;
+	info->summary = xstrdup(summary);
+	info->success_detail = xstrdup_or_null(success_detail);
+	info->fail_detail = xstrdup_or_null(fail_detail);
+	info->remote = xstrdup(remote);
+	info->ref = xstrdup(ref);
+
+	oidcpy(&info->old_oid, old_oid);
+	oidcpy(&info->new_oid, new_oid);
+
+	return info;
+}
+
+static void ref_update_display_info_set_failed(struct ref_update_display_info *info)
+{
+	info->failed = true;
+}
+
+static void ref_update_display_info_free(struct ref_update_display_info *info)
+{
+	free((char *)info->summary);
+	free((char *)info->success_detail);
+	free((char *)info->fail_detail);
+	free((char *)info->remote);
+	free((char *)info->ref);
+}
+
+static void ref_update_display_info_display(struct ref_update_display_info *info,
+					    struct display_state *display_state,
+					    int summary_width)
+{
+	display_ref_update(display_state,
+			   info->failed ? info->fail_code : info->success_code,
+			   info->summary,
+			   info->failed ? info->fail_detail : info->success_detail,
+			   info->remote, info->ref, &info->old_oid,
+			   &info->new_oid, summary_width);
+}
+
 static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 			    struct ref_transaction *transaction,
-			    struct display_state *display_state,
 			    const struct ref *remote_ref,
-			    int summary_width,
-			    const struct fetch_config *config)
+			    const struct fetch_config *config,
+			    struct ref_update_display_info **display_list,
+			    size_t *display_count)
 {
 	struct commit *current = NULL, *updated;
 	int fast_forward = 0;
@@ -877,41 +952,56 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 
 	if (oideq(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid)) {
 		if (verbosity > 0)
-			display_ref_update(display_state, '=', _("[up to date]"), NULL,
-					   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
-					   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
+			ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+						       '=', '=', _("[up to date]"),
+						       NULL, NULL, ref->name,
+						       remote_ref->name, &ref->old_oid,
+						       &ref->new_oid);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (!update_head_ok &&
 	    !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid) &&
 	    branch_checked_out(ref->name)) {
+		struct ref_update_display_info *info;
 		/*
 		 * If this is the head, and it's not okay to update
 		 * the head, and the old value of the head isn't empty...
 		 */
-		display_ref_update(display_state, '!', _("[rejected]"),
-				   _("can't fetch into checked-out branch"),
-				   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
-				   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
+		info = ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+						      '!', '!', _("[rejected]"),
+						      NULL, _("can't fetch into checked-out branch"),
+						      ref->name, remote_ref->name,
+						      &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+		ref_update_display_info_set_failed(info);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if (!is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid) &&
 	    starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+		struct ref_update_display_info *info;
+
 		if (force || ref->force) {
 			int r;
+
 			r = s_update_ref("updating tag", ref, transaction, 0);
-			display_ref_update(display_state, r ? '!' : 't', _("[tag update]"),
-					   r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
-					   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
-					   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
+
+			info = ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+							      't', '!', _("[tag update]"), NULL,
+							      _("unable to update local ref"),
+							      ref->name, remote_ref->name,
+							      &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+			if (r)
+				ref_update_display_info_set_failed(info);
+
 			return r;
 		} else {
-			display_ref_update(display_state, '!', _("[rejected]"),
-					   _("would clobber existing tag"),
-					   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
-					   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
+			info = ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+							      '!', '!', _("[rejected]"), NULL,
+							      _("would clobber existing tag"),
+							      ref->name, remote_ref->name,
+							      &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+			ref_update_display_info_set_failed(info);
 			return 1;
 		}
 	}
@@ -921,6 +1011,7 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 	updated = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository,
 						 &ref->new_oid, 1);
 	if (!current || !updated) {
+		struct ref_update_display_info *info;
 		const char *msg;
 		const char *what;
 		int r;
@@ -941,10 +1032,15 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 		}
 
 		r = s_update_ref(msg, ref, transaction, 0);
-		display_ref_update(display_state, r ? '!' : '*', what,
-				   r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
-				   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
-				   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
+
+		info = ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+						      '*', '!', what, NULL,
+						      _("unable to update local ref"),
+						      ref->name, remote_ref->name,
+						      &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+		if (r)
+			ref_update_display_info_set_failed(info);
+
 		return r;
 	}
 
@@ -960,6 +1056,7 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 	}
 
 	if (fast_forward) {
+		struct ref_update_display_info *info;
 		struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int r;
 
@@ -967,29 +1064,46 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 		strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "..");
 		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &ref->new_oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 		r = s_update_ref("fast-forward", ref, transaction, 1);
-		display_ref_update(display_state, r ? '!' : ' ', quickref.buf,
-				   r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
-				   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
-				   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
+
+		info = ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+						      ' ', '!', quickref.buf, NULL,
+						      _("unable to update local ref"),
+						      ref->name, remote_ref->name,
+						      &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+		if (r)
+			ref_update_display_info_set_failed(info);
+
 		strbuf_release(&quickref);
 		return r;
 	} else if (force || ref->force) {
+		struct ref_update_display_info *info;
 		struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int r;
+
 		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &current->object.oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 		strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "...");
 		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &ref->new_oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 		r = s_update_ref("forced-update", ref, transaction, 1);
-		display_ref_update(display_state, r ? '!' : '+', quickref.buf,
-				   r ? _("unable to update local ref") : _("forced update"),
-				   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
-				   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
+
+		info = ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+						      '+', '!', quickref.buf, _("forced update"),
+						      _("unable to update local ref"),
+						      ref->name, remote_ref->name,
+						      &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+
+		if (r)
+			ref_update_display_info_set_failed(info);
+
 		strbuf_release(&quickref);
 		return r;
 	} else {
-		display_ref_update(display_state, '!', _("[rejected]"), _("non-fast-forward"),
-				   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
-				   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
+		struct ref_update_display_info *info;
+		info = ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+						      '!', '!', _("[rejected]"), NULL,
+						      _("non-fast-forward"),
+						      ref->name, remote_ref->name,
+						      &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+		ref_update_display_info_set_failed(info);
 		return 1;
 	}
 }
@@ -1103,17 +1217,15 @@ static int store_updated_refs(struct display_state *display_state,
 			      int connectivity_checked,
 			      struct ref_transaction *transaction, struct ref *ref_map,
 			      struct fetch_head *fetch_head,
-			      const struct fetch_config *config)
+			      const struct fetch_config *config,
+			      struct ref_update_display_info **display_list,
+			      size_t *display_count)
 {
 	int rc = 0;
 	struct strbuf note = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *what, *kind;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	int want_status;
-	int summary_width = 0;
-
-	if (verbosity >= 0)
-		summary_width = transport_summary_width(ref_map);
 
 	if (!connectivity_checked) {
 		struct check_connected_options opt = CHECK_CONNECTED_INIT;
@@ -1218,8 +1330,9 @@ static int store_updated_refs(struct display_state *display_state,
 					  display_state->url_len);
 
 			if (ref) {
-				rc |= update_local_ref(ref, transaction, display_state,
-						       rm, summary_width, config);
+				rc |= update_local_ref(ref, transaction, rm,
+						       config, display_list,
+						       display_count);
 				free(ref);
 			} else if (write_fetch_head || dry_run) {
 				/*
@@ -1227,12 +1340,11 @@ static int store_updated_refs(struct display_state *display_state,
 				 * would be written to FETCH_HEAD, if --dry-run
 				 * is set).
 				 */
-				display_ref_update(display_state, '*',
-						   *kind ? kind : "branch", NULL,
-						   rm->name,
-						   "FETCH_HEAD",
-						   &rm->new_oid, &rm->old_oid,
-						   summary_width);
+
+				ref_update_display_info_append(display_list, display_count,
+							       '*', '*', *kind ? kind : "branch",
+							       NULL, NULL, "FETCH_HEAD", rm->name,
+							       &rm->new_oid, &rm->old_oid);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1300,7 +1412,9 @@ static int fetch_and_consume_refs(struct display_state *display_state,
 				  struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 				  struct ref *ref_map,
 				  struct fetch_head *fetch_head,
-				  const struct fetch_config *config)
+				  const struct fetch_config *config,
+				  struct ref_update_display_info **display_list,
+				  size_t *display_count)
 {
 	int connectivity_checked = 1;
 	int ret;
@@ -1322,7 +1436,8 @@ static int fetch_and_consume_refs(struct display_state *display_state,
 
 	trace2_region_enter("fetch", "consume_refs", the_repository);
 	ret = store_updated_refs(display_state, connectivity_checked,
-				 transaction, ref_map, fetch_head, config);
+				 transaction, ref_map, fetch_head, config,
+				 display_list, display_count);
 	trace2_region_leave("fetch", "consume_refs", the_repository);
 
 out:
@@ -1493,7 +1608,9 @@ static int backfill_tags(struct display_state *display_state,
 			 struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 			 struct ref *ref_map,
 			 struct fetch_head *fetch_head,
-			 const struct fetch_config *config)
+			 const struct fetch_config *config,
+			 struct ref_update_display_info **display_list,
+			 size_t *display_count)
 {
 	int retcode, cannot_reuse;
 
@@ -1515,7 +1632,7 @@ static int backfill_tags(struct display_state *display_state,
 	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
 	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_RELATIVE, NULL);
 	retcode = fetch_and_consume_refs(display_state, transport, transaction, ref_map,
-					 fetch_head, config);
+					 fetch_head, config, display_list, display_count);
 
 	if (gsecondary) {
 		transport_disconnect(gsecondary);
@@ -1641,6 +1758,7 @@ struct ref_rejection_data {
 	bool conflict_msg_shown;
 	bool case_sensitive_msg_shown;
 	const char *remote_name;
+	struct strmap *rejected_refs;
 };
 
 static void ref_transaction_rejection_handler(const char *refname,
@@ -1649,6 +1767,7 @@ static void ref_transaction_rejection_handler(const char *refname,
 					      const char *old_target UNUSED,
 					      const char *new_target UNUSED,
 					      enum ref_transaction_error err,
+					      const char *details,
 					      void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct ref_rejection_data *data = cb_data;
@@ -1673,11 +1792,14 @@ static void ref_transaction_rejection_handler(const char *refname,
 			"branches"), data->remote_name);
 		data->conflict_msg_shown = true;
 	} else {
-		const char *reason = ref_transaction_error_msg(err);
-
-		error(_("fetching ref %s failed: %s"), refname, reason);
+		if (details)
+			error("%s", details);
+		else
+			error(_("fetching ref %s failed: %s"),
+			      refname, ref_transaction_error_msg(err));
 	}
 
+	strmap_put(data->rejected_refs, refname, NULL);
 	*data->retcode = 1;
 }
 
@@ -1687,6 +1809,7 @@ static void ref_transaction_rejection_handler(const char *refname,
  */
 static int commit_ref_transaction(struct ref_transaction **transaction,
 				  bool is_atomic, const char *remote_name,
+				  struct strmap *rejected_refs,
 				  struct strbuf *err)
 {
 	int retcode = ref_transaction_commit(*transaction, err);
@@ -1698,6 +1821,7 @@ static int commit_ref_transaction(struct ref_transaction **transaction,
 			.conflict_msg_shown = 0,
 			.remote_name = remote_name,
 			.retcode = &retcode,
+			.rejected_refs = rejected_refs,
 		};
 
 		ref_transaction_for_each_rejected_update(*transaction,
@@ -1726,6 +1850,10 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	struct fetch_head fetch_head = { 0 };
 	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int do_set_head = 0;
+	struct ref_update_display_info *display_list = NULL;
+	struct strmap rejected_refs = STRMAP_INIT;
+	size_t display_count = 0;
+	int summary_width = 0;
 
 	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT) {
 		if (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 2)
@@ -1850,7 +1978,7 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	}
 
 	if (fetch_and_consume_refs(&display_state, transport, transaction, ref_map,
-				   &fetch_head, config)) {
+				   &fetch_head, config, &display_list, &display_count)) {
 		retcode = 1;
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
@@ -1873,7 +2001,7 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 			 * the transaction and don't commit anything.
 			 */
 			if (backfill_tags(&display_state, transport, transaction, tags_ref_map,
-					  &fetch_head, config))
+					  &fetch_head, config, &display_list, &display_count))
 				retcode = 1;
 		}
 
@@ -1883,8 +2011,12 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	if (retcode)
 		goto cleanup;
 
+	if (verbosity >= 0)
+		summary_width = transport_summary_width(ref_map);
+
 	retcode = commit_ref_transaction(&transaction, atomic_fetch,
-					 transport->remote->name, &err);
+					 transport->remote->name,
+					 &rejected_refs, &err);
 	/*
 	 * With '--atomic', bail out if the transaction fails. Without '--atomic',
 	 * continue to fetch head and perform other post-fetch operations.
@@ -1962,7 +2094,17 @@ cleanup:
 	 */
 	if (retcode && !atomic_fetch && transaction)
 		commit_ref_transaction(&transaction, false,
-				       transport->remote->name, &err);
+				       transport->remote->name,
+				       &rejected_refs, &err);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < display_count; i++) {
+		struct ref_update_display_info *info = &display_list[i];
+
+		if (!info->failed && strmap_contains(&rejected_refs, info->ref))
+			ref_update_display_info_set_failed(info);
+		ref_update_display_info_display(info, &display_state, summary_width);
+		ref_update_display_info_free(info);
+	}
 
 	if (retcode) {
 		if (err.len) {
@@ -1977,6 +2119,9 @@ cleanup:
 
 	if (transaction)
 		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+
+	free(display_list);
+	strmap_clear(&rejected_refs, 0);
 	display_state_release(&display_state);
 	close_fetch_head(&fetch_head);
 	strbuf_release(&err);
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index 9c49174616..d1aacf8b2a 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -1853,10 +1853,14 @@ static void ref_transaction_rejection_handler(const char *refname,
 					      const char *old_target UNUSED,
 					      const char *new_target UNUSED,
 					      enum ref_transaction_error err,
+					      const char *details,
 					      void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct strmap *failed_refs = cb_data;
 
+	if (details)
+		rp_error("%s", details);
+
 	strmap_put(failed_refs, refname, (char *)ref_transaction_error_msg(err));
 }
 
@@ -1923,6 +1927,7 @@ static void execute_commands_non_atomic(struct command *commands,
 		}
 
 		ref_transaction_for_each_rejected_update(transaction,
+
 							 ref_transaction_rejection_handler,
 							 &failed_refs);
 
@@ -1934,7 +1939,7 @@ static void execute_commands_non_atomic(struct command *commands,
 			if (reported_error)
 				cmd->error_string = reported_error;
 			else if (strmap_contains(&failed_refs, cmd->ref_name))
-				cmd->error_string = strmap_get(&failed_refs, cmd->ref_name);
+				cmd->error_string = cmd->error_string_owned = xstrdup(strmap_get(&failed_refs, cmd->ref_name));
 		}
 
 	cleanup:
diff --git a/builtin/update-ref.c b/builtin/update-ref.c
index 195437e7c6..2d68c40ecb 100644
--- a/builtin/update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/update-ref.c
@@ -573,15 +573,18 @@ static void print_rejected_refs(const char *refname,
 				const char *old_target,
 				const char *new_target,
 				enum ref_transaction_error err,
+				const char *details,
 				void *cb_data UNUSED)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *reason = ref_transaction_error_msg(err);
+
+	if (details && *details)
+		error("%s", details);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "rejected %s %s %s %s\n", refname,
 		    new_oid ? oid_to_hex(new_oid) : new_target,
 		    old_oid ? oid_to_hex(old_oid) : old_target,
-		    reason);
+		    ref_transaction_error_msg(err));
 
 	fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, stdout);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 627b7f8698..600913b99f 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -1267,6 +1267,7 @@ void ref_transaction_free(struct ref_transaction *transaction)
 		free(transaction->updates[i]->committer_info);
 		free((char *)transaction->updates[i]->new_target);
 		free((char *)transaction->updates[i]->old_target);
+		free((char *)transaction->updates[i]->rejection_details);
 		free(transaction->updates[i]);
 	}
 
@@ -1281,7 +1282,8 @@ void ref_transaction_free(struct ref_transaction *transaction)
 
 int ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 				       size_t update_idx,
-				       enum ref_transaction_error err)
+				       enum ref_transaction_error err,
+				       struct strbuf *details)
 {
 	if (update_idx >= transaction->nr)
 		BUG("trying to set rejection on invalid update index");
@@ -1307,6 +1309,7 @@ int ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 			   transaction->updates[update_idx]->refname, 0);
 
 	transaction->updates[update_idx]->rejection_err = err;
+	transaction->updates[update_idx]->rejection_details = strbuf_detach(details, NULL);
 	ALLOC_GROW(transaction->rejections->update_indices,
 		   transaction->rejections->nr + 1,
 		   transaction->rejections->alloc);
@@ -2698,30 +2701,33 @@ enum ref_transaction_error refs_verify_refnames_available(struct ref_store *refs
 			if (!initial_transaction &&
 			    (strset_contains(&conflicting_dirnames, dirname.buf) ||
 			     !refs_read_raw_ref(refs, dirname.buf, &oid, &referent,
-						       &type, &ignore_errno))) {
-				if (transaction && ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(
-					    transaction, *update_idx,
-					    REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT)) {
-					strset_remove(&dirnames, dirname.buf);
-					strset_add(&conflicting_dirnames, dirname.buf);
-					continue;
-				}
+						&type, &ignore_errno))) {
 
 				strbuf_addf(err, _("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'"),
 					    dirname.buf, refname);
+
+				if (transaction && ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(
+					    transaction, *update_idx,
+					    REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT, err)) {
+					strset_remove(&dirnames, dirname.buf);
+					strset_add(&conflicting_dirnames, dirname.buf);
+					goto next_ref;
+				}
+
 				goto cleanup;
 			}
 
 			if (extras && string_list_has_string(extras, dirname.buf)) {
-				if (transaction && ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(
-					    transaction, *update_idx,
-					    REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT)) {
-					strset_remove(&dirnames, dirname.buf);
-					continue;
-				}
-
 				strbuf_addf(err, _("cannot process '%s' and '%s' at the same time"),
 					    refname, dirname.buf);
+
+				if (transaction && ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(
+					    transaction, *update_idx,
+					    REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT, err)) {
+					strset_remove(&dirnames, dirname.buf);
+					goto next_ref;
+				}
+
 				goto cleanup;
 			}
 		}
@@ -2751,14 +2757,14 @@ enum ref_transaction_error refs_verify_refnames_available(struct ref_store *refs
 				if (skip &&
 				    string_list_has_string(skip, iter->ref.name))
 					continue;
+				strbuf_addf(err, _("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'"),
+					    iter->ref.name, refname);
 
 				if (transaction && ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(
 					    transaction, *update_idx,
-					    REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT))
-					continue;
+					    REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT, err))
+					goto next_ref;
 
-				strbuf_addf(err, _("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'"),
-					    iter->ref.name, refname);
 				goto cleanup;
 			}
 
@@ -2768,15 +2774,17 @@ enum ref_transaction_error refs_verify_refnames_available(struct ref_store *refs
 
 		extra_refname = find_descendant_ref(dirname.buf, extras, skip);
 		if (extra_refname) {
-			if (transaction && ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(
-				    transaction, *update_idx,
-				    REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT))
-				continue;
-
 			strbuf_addf(err, _("cannot process '%s' and '%s' at the same time"),
 				    refname, extra_refname);
+
+			if (transaction && ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(
+				    transaction, *update_idx,
+				    REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NAME_CONFLICT, err))
+				goto next_ref;
+
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
+next_ref:;
 	}
 
 	ret = 0;
@@ -2905,7 +2913,7 @@ void ref_transaction_for_each_rejected_update(struct ref_transaction *transactio
 		   (update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) ? &update->old_oid : NULL,
 		   (update->flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) ? &update->new_oid : NULL,
 		   update->old_target, update->new_target,
-		   update->rejection_err, cb_data);
+		   update->rejection_err, update->rejection_details, cb_data);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index f0abfa1d93..f16b1b697b 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -993,6 +993,7 @@ typedef void ref_transaction_for_each_rejected_update_fn(const char *refname,
 							 const char *old_target,
 							 const char *new_target,
 							 enum ref_transaction_error err,
+							 const char *details,
 							 void *cb_data);
 void ref_transaction_for_each_rejected_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 					      ref_transaction_for_each_rejected_update_fn cb,
diff --git a/refs/files-backend.c b/refs/files-backend.c
index 240d3c3b26..b1b13b41f6 100644
--- a/refs/files-backend.c
+++ b/refs/files-backend.c
@@ -2978,10 +2978,9 @@ static int files_transaction_prepare(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 					  head_ref, &refnames_to_check,
 					  err);
 		if (ret) {
-			if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i, ret)) {
-				strbuf_reset(err);
+			if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i,
+							       ret, err)) {
 				ret = 0;
-
 				continue;
 			}
 			goto cleanup;
diff --git a/refs/packed-backend.c b/refs/packed-backend.c
index 4ea0c12299..59b3ecb9d6 100644
--- a/refs/packed-backend.c
+++ b/refs/packed-backend.c
@@ -1437,8 +1437,8 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error write_with_updates(struct packed_ref_store *re
 						    update->refname);
 					ret = REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_CREATE_EXISTS;
 
-					if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i, ret)) {
-						strbuf_reset(err);
+					if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i,
+									       ret, err)) {
 						ret = 0;
 						continue;
 					}
@@ -1452,8 +1452,8 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error write_with_updates(struct packed_ref_store *re
 						    oid_to_hex(&update->old_oid));
 					ret = REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_INCORRECT_OLD_VALUE;
 
-					if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i, ret)) {
-						strbuf_reset(err);
+					if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i,
+									       ret, err)) {
 						ret = 0;
 						continue;
 					}
@@ -1496,8 +1496,8 @@ static enum ref_transaction_error write_with_updates(struct packed_ref_store *re
 					    oid_to_hex(&update->old_oid));
 				ret = REF_TRANSACTION_ERROR_NONEXISTENT_REF;
 
-				if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i, ret)) {
-					strbuf_reset(err);
+				if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i,
+								       ret, err)) {
 					ret = 0;
 					continue;
 				}
diff --git a/refs/refs-internal.h b/refs/refs-internal.h
index c7d2a6e50b..191a25683f 100644
--- a/refs/refs-internal.h
+++ b/refs/refs-internal.h
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ struct ref_update {
 	 * was rejected.
 	 */
 	enum ref_transaction_error rejection_err;
+	const char *rejection_details;
 
 	/*
 	 * If this ref_update was split off of a symref update via
@@ -153,7 +154,8 @@ int refs_read_raw_ref(struct ref_store *ref_store, const char *refname,
  */
 int ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 				       size_t update_idx,
-				       enum ref_transaction_error err);
+				       enum ref_transaction_error err,
+				       struct strbuf *details);
 
 /*
  * Add a ref_update with the specified properties to transaction, and
diff --git a/refs/reftable-backend.c b/refs/reftable-backend.c
index fe74af73af..5611808ad7 100644
--- a/refs/reftable-backend.c
+++ b/refs/reftable-backend.c
@@ -1418,10 +1418,9 @@ static int reftable_be_transaction_prepare(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 					    &refnames_to_check, head_type,
 					    &head_referent, &referent, err);
 		if (ret) {
-			if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i, ret)) {
-				strbuf_reset(err);
+			if (ref_transaction_maybe_set_rejected(transaction, i,
+							       ret, err)) {
 				ret = 0;
-
 				continue;
 			}
 			goto done;
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index db7f5444da..db6585b8d8 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -2093,14 +2093,15 @@ do
 
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref1" "$old_head" "$head" >stdin &&
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref2" "$(test_oid 001)" "$head" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref1 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
 			echo $head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref2 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
-			test_grep -q "invalid new value provided" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref2 $(test_oid 001) $head invalid new value provided" stdout &&
+			test_grep "trying to write ref ${SQ}refs/heads/ref2${SQ} with nonexistent object" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2119,14 +2120,15 @@ do
 
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref1" "$old_head" "$head" >stdin &&
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref2" "$head_tree" "$head" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref1 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
 			echo $head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref2 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
-			test_grep -q "invalid new value provided" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref2 $head_tree $head invalid new value provided" stdout &&
+			test_grep "trying to write non-commit object $head_tree to branch ${SQ}refs/heads/ref2${SQ}" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2143,12 +2145,13 @@ do
 
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref1" "$old_head" "$head" >stdin &&
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref2" "$old_head" "$head" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref1 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
 			test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/heads/ref2 &&
-			test_grep -q "reference does not exist" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref2 $old_head $head reference does not exist" stdout &&
+			test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/ref2${SQ}: unable to resolve reference ${SQ}refs/heads/ref2${SQ}" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2166,13 +2169,14 @@ do
 
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref1" "$old_head" "$head" >stdin &&
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref2" "$old_head" "$head" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --no-deref --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			git update-ref $type --no-deref --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref1 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
 			echo $head >expect &&
 			test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/heads/ref2 &&
-			test_grep -q "reference does not exist" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref2 $old_head $head reference does not exist" stdout &&
+			test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/ref2${SQ}: reference is missing but expected $head" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2190,7 +2194,7 @@ do
 
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref1" "$old_head" "$head" >stdin &&
 			format_command $type "symref-update refs/heads/ref2" "$old_head" "ref" "refs/heads/nonexistent" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --no-deref --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			git update-ref $type --no-deref --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref1 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
@@ -2198,7 +2202,8 @@ do
 			echo $head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref2 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
-			test_grep -q "expected symref but found regular ref" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref2 $ZERO_OID $ZERO_OID expected symref but found regular ref" stdout &&
+			test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/ref2${SQ}: expected symref with target ${SQ}refs/heads/nonexistent${SQ}: but is a regular ref" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2216,14 +2221,15 @@ do
 
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref1" "$old_head" "$head" >stdin &&
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref2" "$old_head" "$Z" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref1 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
 			echo $head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref2 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
-			test_grep -q "reference already exists" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref2 $old_head $ZERO_OID reference already exists" stdout &&
+			test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/ref2${SQ}: reference already exists" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2241,14 +2247,15 @@ do
 
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref1" "$old_head" "$head" >stdin &&
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref2" "$head" "$old_head" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref1 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
 			echo $head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref2 >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
-			test_grep -q "incorrect old value provided" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref2 $head $old_head incorrect old value provided" stdout &&
+			test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/ref2${SQ}: is at $head but expected $old_head" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2264,12 +2271,13 @@ do
 			git update-ref refs/heads/ref/foo $head &&
 
 			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref/foo" "$old_head" "$head" >stdin &&
-			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref" "$old_head" "" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref" "$old_head" "$ZERO_OID" >>stdin &&
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref/foo >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
-			test_grep -q "refname conflict" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref $old_head $ZERO_OID refname conflict" stdout &&
+			test_grep "${SQ}refs/heads/ref/foo${SQ} exists; cannot create ${SQ}refs/heads/ref${SQ}" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2284,13 +2292,14 @@ do
 			head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 			git update-ref refs/heads/ref/foo $head &&
 
-			format_command $type "update refs/heads/foo" "$old_head" "" >stdin &&
-			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref" "$old_head" "" >>stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			format_command $type "update refs/heads/foo" "$old_head" "$ZERO_OID" >stdin &&
+			format_command $type "update refs/heads/ref" "$old_head" "$ZERO_OID" >>stdin &&
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/foo >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
-			test_grep -q "refname conflict" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/ref $old_head $ZERO_OID refname conflict" stdout &&
+			test_grep "${SQ}refs/heads/ref/foo${SQ} exists; cannot create ${SQ}refs/heads/ref${SQ}" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2309,14 +2318,15 @@ do
 				format_command $type "create refs/heads/ref" "$old_head" &&
 				format_command $type "create refs/heads/Foo" "$old_head"
 			} >stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
 
 			echo $head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/foo >actual &&
 			echo $old_head >expect &&
 			git rev-parse refs/heads/ref >actual &&
 			test_cmp expect actual &&
-			test_grep -q "reference conflict due to case-insensitive filesystem" stdout
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/Foo $old_head $ZERO_OID reference conflict due to case-insensitive filesystem" stdout &&
+			test_grep -e "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/Foo${SQ}: Unable to create" -e "Foo.lock" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2357,8 +2367,9 @@ do
 			git symbolic-ref refs/heads/symbolic refs/heads/non-existent &&
 
 			format_command $type "delete refs/heads/symbolic" "$head" >stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
-			test_grep "reference does not exist" stdout
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/non-existent $ZERO_OID $head reference does not exist" stdout &&
+			test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/symbolic${SQ}: unable to resolve reference ${SQ}refs/heads/non-existent${SQ}" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2373,8 +2384,9 @@ do
 			head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 
 			format_command $type "delete refs/heads/new-branch" "$head" >stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
-			test_grep "incorrect old value provided" stdout
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/new-branch $ZERO_OID $head incorrect old value provided" stdout &&
+			test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/new-branch${SQ}: is at $(git rev-parse new-branch) but expected $head" err
 		)
 	'
 
@@ -2387,8 +2399,9 @@ do
 			head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 
 			format_command $type "delete refs/heads/non-existent" "$head" >stdin &&
-			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout &&
-			test_grep "reference does not exist" stdout
+			git update-ref $type --stdin --batch-updates <stdin >stdout 2>err &&
+			test_grep "rejected refs/heads/non-existent $ZERO_OID $head reference does not exist" stdout &&
+			test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/non-existent${SQ}: unable to resolve reference ${SQ}refs/heads/non-existent${SQ}" err
 		)
 	'
 done
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index ce1c23684e..c69afb5a60 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ test_expect_success REFFILES 'existing reference lock in repo' '
 		git remote add origin ../base &&
 		touch refs/heads/foo.lock &&
 		test_must_fail git fetch -f origin "refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*" 2>err &&
-		test_grep "error: fetching ref refs/heads/foo failed: reference already exists" err &&
+		test_grep -e "error: cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/foo${SQ}: Unable to create" -e "refs/heads/foo.lock${SQ}: File exists." err &&
 		git rev-parse refs/heads/main >expect &&
 		git rev-parse refs/heads/branch >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual
@@ -1530,7 +1530,7 @@ test_expect_success CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS,REFFILES 'F/D conflict on case insensiti
 		cd case_insensitive &&
 		git remote add origin -- ../case_sensitive_fd &&
 		test_must_fail git fetch -f origin "refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*" 2>err &&
-		test_grep "failed: refname conflict" err &&
+		test_grep "cannot process ${SQ}refs/remotes/origin/foo${SQ} and ${SQ}refs/remotes/origin/foo/bar${SQ} at the same time" err &&
 		git rev-parse refs/heads/main >expect &&
 		git rev-parse refs/heads/foo/bar >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ test_expect_success CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS,REFFILES 'D/F conflict on case insensiti
 		cd case_insensitive &&
 		git remote add origin -- ../case_sensitive_df &&
 		test_must_fail git fetch -f origin "refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*" 2>err &&
-		test_grep "failed: refname conflict" err &&
+		test_grep "cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/remotes/origin/foo${SQ}: there is a non-empty directory ${SQ}./refs/remotes/origin/foo${SQ} blocking reference ${SQ}refs/remotes/origin/foo${SQ}" err &&
 		git rev-parse refs/heads/main >expect &&
 		git rev-parse refs/heads/Foo/bar >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual
@@ -1658,7 +1658,7 @@ test_expect_success REFFILES "FETCH_HEAD is updated even if ref updates fail" '
 		git remote add origin ../base &&
 		>refs/heads/foo.lock &&
 		test_must_fail git fetch -f origin "refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*" 2>err &&
-		test_grep "error: fetching ref refs/heads/foo failed: reference already exists" err &&
+		test_grep -e "error: cannot lock ref ${SQ}refs/heads/foo${SQ}: Unable to create" -e "refs/heads/foo.lock${SQ}: File exists." err &&
 		test_grep "branch ${SQ}branch${SQ} of ../base" FETCH_HEAD &&
 		test_grep "branch ${SQ}foo${SQ} of ../base" FETCH_HEAD
 	)
diff --git a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
index 46926e7bbd..29e2f17608 100755
--- a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -1882,4 +1882,20 @@ test_expect_success 'push with F/D conflict with deletion and creation' '
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/branch/conflict refs/heads/branch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pushing non-commit objects should report error' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf dest repo" &&
+	git init dest &&
+	git init repo &&
+
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_commit --annotate test &&
+
+		tagsha=$(git rev-parse test^{tag}) &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../dest "$tagsha:refs/heads/branch" 2>err &&
+		test_grep "! \[remote rejected\] $tagsha -> branch (invalid new value provided)" err &&
+		test_grep "trying to write non-commit object $tagsha to branch ${SQ}refs/heads/branch${SQ}" err
+	)
+'
+
 test_done