test-lib: allow test snippets as here-docs

Most test snippets are wrapped in single quotes, like:

  test_expect_success 'some description' '
          do_something
  '

This sometimes makes the snippets awkward to write, because you can't
easily use single quotes within them. We sometimes work around this with
$SQ, or by loosening regexes to use "." instead of a literal quote, or
by using double quotes when we'd prefer to use single-quotes (and just
adding extra backslash-escapes to avoid interpolation).

This commit adds another option: feeding the snippet via the function's
stdin. This doesn't conflict with anything the snippet would want to do,
because we always redirect its stdin from /dev/null anyway (which we'll
continue to do).

A few notes on the implementation:

  - it would be nice to push this down into test_run_, but we can't, as
    test_expect_success and test_expect_failure want to see the actual
    script content to report it for verbose-mode. A helper function
    limits the amount of duplication in those callers here.

  - The helper function is a little awkward to call, as you feed it the
    name of the variable you want to set. The more natural thing in
    shell would be command substitution like:

      body=$(body_or_stdin "$2")

    but that loses trailing whitespace. There are tricks around this,
    like:

      body=$(body_or_stdin "$2"; printf .)
      body=${body%.}

    but we'd prefer to keep such tricks in the helper, not in each
    caller.

  - I implemented the helper using a sequence of "read" calls. Together
    with "-r" and unsetting the IFS, this preserves incoming whitespace.
    An alternative is to use "cat" (which then requires the gross "."
    trick above). But this saves us a process, which is probably a good
    thing. The "read" builtin does use more read() syscalls than
    necessary (one per byte), but that is almost certainly a win over a
    separate process.

    Both are probably slower than passing a single-quoted string, but
    the difference is lost in the noise for a script that I converted as
    an experiment.

  - I handle test_expect_success and test_expect_failure here. If we
    like this style, we could easily extend it to other spots (e.g.,
    lazy_prereq bodies) on top of this patch.

  - even though we are using "local", we have to be careful about our
    variable names. Within test_expect_success, any variable we declare
    with local will be seen as local by the test snippets themselves (so
    it wouldn't persist between tests like normal variables would).

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

t/README

@@ -906,6 +906,14 @@ see test-lib-functions.sh for the full list and their options.
 	    'git-write-tree should be able to write an empty tree.' \
 	    'tree=$(git-write-tree)'
 
+   If <script> is `-` (a single dash), then the script to run is read
+   from stdin. This lets you more easily use single quotes within the
+   script by using a here-doc. For example:
+
+	test_expect_success 'output contains expected string' - <<\EOT
+		grep "this string has 'quotes' in it" output
+	EOT
+
    If you supply three parameters the first will be taken to be a
    prerequisite; see the test_set_prereq and test_have_prereq
    documentation below:

t/test-lib-functions.sh

@@ -872,6 +872,24 @@ test_verify_prereq () {
 	BUG "'$test_prereq' does not look like a prereq"
 }
 
+# assign the variable named by "$1" with the contents of "$2";
+# if "$2" is "-", then read stdin into "$1" instead
+test_body_or_stdin () {
+	if test "$2" != "-"
+	then
+		eval "$1=\$2"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	# start with a newline, to match hanging newline from open-quote style
+	eval "$1=\$LF"
+	local test_line
+	while IFS= read -r test_line
+	do
+		eval "$1=\${$1}\${test_line}\${LF}"
+	done
+}
+
 test_expect_failure () {
 	test_start_ "$@"
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
@@ -881,9 +899,11 @@ test_expect_failure () {
 	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$@"
 	then
+		local test_body
+		test_body_or_stdin test_body "$2"
 		test -n "$test_skip_test_preamble" ||
-		say >&3 "checking known breakage of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
-		if test_run_ "$2" expecting_failure
+		say >&3 "checking known breakage of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $test_body"
+		if test_run_ "$test_body" expecting_failure
 		then
 			test_known_broken_ok_ "$1"
 		else
@@ -902,13 +922,15 @@ test_expect_success () {
 	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$@"
 	then
+		local test_body
+		test_body_or_stdin test_body "$2"
 		test -n "$test_skip_test_preamble" ||
-		say >&3 "expecting success of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
-		if test_run_ "$2"
+		say >&3 "expecting success of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $test_body"
+		if test_run_ "$test_body"
 		then
 			test_ok_ "$1"
 		else
-			test_failure_ "$@"
+			test_failure_ "$1" "$test_body"
 		fi
 	fi
 	test_finish_